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Anointing of the sick, known also by other names, is a form of religious anointing or "unction" (an older term with the same meaning) for the benefit of a sick person. It is practiced by many Christian churches and denominations. Anointing of the sick was a customary practice in many civilizations, including among the ancient Greeks and early Jewish communities. The use of oil for healing purposes is referred to in the writings of Hippocrates.〔P. J. Hartin, Daniel J. Harrington James -- 2003 Page 267 "Anointing of the sick was a customary practice in both the Hellenistic and Jewish worlds. The use of oil for healing purposes is referred to in the writings of Hippocrates: "Exercises in dust differ from those in oil thus. Dust is cold, oil is warm."〕〔John Lightfoot Horæ hebraicæ et talmudicæ: Hebrew and Talmudical exercitations Volume 2 - Page 155 "On the ninth day of the month Ab, and in the public fasts, anointing for dress is forbid ; anointing not for dress is allowed." (text ) They anointed themselves often, not for excess, or bravery, or delight, but for the healing of some disease, "〕 Anointing of the sick should be distinguished from other religious anointings that occur in relation to other sacraments, in particular baptism, confirmation and ordination, and also in the coronation of a monarch.〔Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (Oxford University Press 2005 ISBN 978-0-19-280290-3), article "unction"〕 ==Names== Since 1972, the Roman Catholic Church uses the name "Anointing of the Sick" both in the English translations issued by the Holy See of its official documents in Latin〔(Apostolic Constitution ''Sacram Unctionem Infirmorum'' ), (Catechism of the Catholic Church ), (Code of Canon Law ), (Directory for the Application of Principles and Norms on Ecumenism ), (motu proprio ''Summorum Pontificum'', etc. )〕 and in the English official documents of Episcopal conferences.〔For example, (United States Catholic Catechism for Adults )〕 It does not, of course, forbid the use of other names, for example the more archaic term "Unction of the Sick" or the term "Extreme Unction". Cardinal Walter Kasper used the latter term in his intervention at the 2005 Assembly of the Synod of Bishops.〔(Holy See Press Office bulletin )〕 However, the Church declared that "'Extreme unction' ... may also ''and more fittingly'' be called 'anointing of the sick'" (emphasis added),〔(Constitution on the Liturgy ), 73〕 and has itself adopted the latter term, while not outlawing the former. This is to emphasize that the sacrament is available, and recommended, to all those suffering from any serious illness, and to dispel the common misconception that it is exclusively for those at or very near the point of death. Extreme Unction was the usual name for the sacrament in the West from the late twelfth century until 1972, and was thus used at the Council of Trent〔(Fourteenth Session )〕 and in the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia.〔(Catholic Encyclopedia (1913) ): article "Extreme Unction"〕 Peter Lombard (died 1160) is the first writer known to have used the term,〔 which did not become the usual name in the West till towards the end of the twelfth century, and never became current in the East.〔 The word "extreme" (final) indicated either that it was the last of the sacramental unctions (after the anointings at Baptism, Confirmation and, if received, Holy Orders) or because at that time it was normally administered only when a patient was ''in extremis''.〔 Other names used in the West include the unction or blessing of consecrated oil, the unction of God, and the office of the unction.〔 Among some Protestant bodies, who do not consider it a sacrament, but instead as a practice suggested rather than commanded by Scripture, it is called anointing with oil. In the Greek Church the sacrament is called Euchelaion (Greek Εὐχέλαιον, from εὐχή, "prayer", and ἔλαιον, "oil").〔〔 Other names are also used, such as ἅγιον ἔλαιον (holy oil), ἡγιασμένον ἔλαιον (consecrated oil), and χρῖσις or χρῖσμα (anointing).〔 The Community of Christ uses the term administration to the sick.〔(Community of Christ: The Sacraments )〕 The term "last rites" refers to administration to a dying person not only of this sacrament but also of Penance and Holy Communion, the last of which, when administered in such circumstances, is known as "Viaticum", a word whose original meaning in Latin was "provision for the journey". The normal order of administration is: first Penance (if the dying person is physically unable to confess, absolution, conditional on the existence of contrition, is given); next, Anointing; finally, Viaticum (if the person can receive it). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Anointing of the Sick」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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